A Glossary for Crop Improvement

Compiled By T. Nagur, D.L. Oswalt, and Faujdar Singh

This Skill Development Series contains glossary of terms commonly used in crop improvement subject.

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Agronomic Practices for Experimentation

Compiled By S.K. Dasgupta and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

A. Area, Rectangle, and Slope

• Formation of a Rectangle Estimation of the Area of a Field
• Calculating a Slope

B. Soil Sampling Procedures and Preparation of Samples

C. Layout

• Laying out an Experiment
• Example of an Experimental Plan

D. Fertilizers

• Definition and Characteristics Analysis or Grade of Fertilizers Mixing and Storage of Fertilizers Fertilizer Calibration
• Fertilizer Application

E. Seed Calibration and Sowing

• Estimation of the Seed Required for Sowing Establishing the Required Plant Population Packeting of Seed for Sowing Hand-sowing Procedure Sowing by Machine Sowing in Different Soil Types
• Filling of Gaps After Germination

F. Crust Breaking on Alfisols

G. Harvesting of Experimental Crops

H. Evaluation

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Groundnut Production Practices

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Production Practices

• Soil Crop Rotation Manures and Fertilizers Field Preparation Preparations for Sowing Experiments Sowing Irrigation Weed Control Determining Plot Yield Recording Observations Harvesting
• Storage

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Comparison of Sub Species and Varieties of Arachis

MP 2. Preparing Broadbeds-and-Furrows

MP 3. Rhizobium Inoculation Procedures

MP 4. Determination of Seed Rate for a Given Plant Density

MP 5. Seed Packeting and Arrangement for Sowing

MP 6. Measuring Soil Water Deficit and Irrigation Requirements

MP 7. Management of Weeds

MP 8. Yield Estimation in Experiments and Demonstrations

M P 9. Recording Morphological Characters

M P 10. Maturity Determination

References

Evaluation

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Genetics and Breeding of Groundnut

Compiled By  Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Genetic Studies in Groundnut

• Qualitative Inheritance
• Linkage Studies
• Quantitative Inheritance
• Heritability and Genetic Advance
• Gene Effects
• Heterosis
• Character Association
• Genotype x Environment (GxE) Interactions

Groundnut Breeding

• Germplasm Collection and Evaluation
• Hybridization
• Choice of Selection Procedures for Groundnut

Utilization of Wild Species

Mutation Breeding

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Establishing Groundnut Crossing Nurseries

MP 2. Emasculation and Crossing in Groundnut

MP 3. Handling Crosses of Groundnut

MP 4. Incorporation of Genes from Wild Diploids into Cultivated Groundnut

MP 5. Induced Mutagenesis

MP 6. Handling the Mutation Breeding Population

References

Evaluation

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Management Procedures for Pearl Millet Improvement

Compiled By T. Nagur, B. Diwakar, and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Uniformity Trial

MP 2. Sampling for Soil Testing

MP 3. Seed Calibration

MP 4. Density of Seed

MP 5. Plant Nutrient Role and Requirement

MP 6. Fertilizer Calibration

MP 7. Thinning

MP 8. Weed Control

MP 9. Growth and Development of Pearl Millet

MP 10. Characters and Field Note Codes

MP 11. Shoot Fly

MP 12. Stem Borers

MP 13. Midge

MP 14. Other Pests

MP 15. Downy Mildew (Sclerospora graminicola)

MP 16. Ergot (Claviceps fusiformis)

MP 17. Smut (Tolyposporium pencillariae)

MP 18. Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Diseases

MP 19. Laboratory Screening for Resistance ot Striga spp.

MP 20. Field Screening for Resistance to Striga spp.

References

Evaluation

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Major Diseases of Groundnut

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Nematodes
• Disease Assessment

Diseases of Groundnut

• Fungal Diseases
• Bacterial Disease
• Virus Diseases
• Nematode Diseases

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Seed Rots and Seedling Diseases of Groundnut

MP 2. Groundnut Pod Rots

MP 3. Groundnut Yellow Mold

MP 4. Determination of Seed Resistance to Colonization by Aspergillus flavus

MP 5. Groundnut Rust

MP 6. Rust Screening in the Field

MP 7. Rust Inoculation in the Laboratory

MP 8. Early and Late Leaf Spots of Groundnut

MP 9. Screening for Early and Late Leaf Spots

MP 10. Use of Cob's Diagram for Percentage Leaf Area Damage by Rust and Early and

Late Leaf Spots

MP 11. Bud Necrosis

MP 12.Groundnut Rosette

MP 13. Peanut Clump

MP 14. Detection and Inoculation of Plant Viruses

MP 15. Bacterial Wilt of Groundnut

MP 16. Methods to Identify Plant Parasitic Nematodes

MP 17. Root-Knot Nematode

MP 18. Root Lesion Nematode

MP 19. Ring Nematode

MP 20. Testa Nematode

MP 21. Sting Nematode

References

Annexure I

Annexure II

Evaluation

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Major Insects of Groundnut

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

• Life Cycles of Insects Classification of Insects
• Insects of Groundnut

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Termite

MP 2. White Grub

MP 3. Thrips

MP 4. Jassid

MP 5. Aphid

MP 6. Leaf Miner

MP 7. Tobacco Caterpillar

MP 8. Hairy Caterpillar

MP 9. Insect Pest Surveys in Groundnut

MP 10. Conducting Entomology Experiments

MP 11. Procedure for Pesticide Application

MP 12. Storage Pests of Groundnut

References

Evaluation

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Management Procedures for Pearl Millet Breeding

Compiled By T. Nagur and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Pollination

MP 2. Male-sterile Maintenance (`A' Line)

MP 3. Male-sterile Seed Production (`A' Line)

MP 4. Development of New Male-sertile Lines

MP 5. Development of Hybrids with Cytoplasmic Genetic Male-Sterilies

MP 6. Hybrid Seed Production

MP 7. Development a Composite C_o Bulk

MP 8. S2 and S1 Selection System

MP 9. Full-sib Selection System

MP 10. Inbred Tester Method

MP 11. Mass Selection System

MP 12. Reciprocal Recurrent Selection System

MP 13. Reciprocal Full-sib Selection System (RPS)

MP 14. Synthetic Varieties

MP 15. Topcross Hybrids

References

Evaluation

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Pigeonpea Botany and Production Practices

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

• Origin and Distribution
• Pigeonpea Plant
• Inflorescence Flowering and Pollination
• Pod Development
• Seed and its Germination

Production Practices

• Climate
• Soils
• Land Preparation
• Response to Nutrients
• Cropping Systems
• Sowing Time and Depth
• Methods of Sowing and Spacing
• Seed Rate and Seed Treatment
• Weed Management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting and Threshing
• Recording Observations

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Determination of Seed Rate for a Given Plant Density

MP 2. Recording Morphological Characters

References

Evaluation

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Genetics and Breeding of Pigeonpea

 Compiled By Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Pigeonpea Genetics

• Qualitative Inheritance
• Linkage Studies
• Disease Resistance
• Quantitative Inheritance
• Heterosis
• Male Sterility
• Genotype by Environment Interaction

Pigeonpea Breeding

• Germplasm Resources
•  Hybridization
• Population Breeding
•  Hybrid Breeding
• Mutation Breeding
• Utilization of Wild Relatives
• Breeding for Special traits

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Selfing in Pigeonpea

MP 2. Emasculation and Crossing Techniques

MP 3. Pedigrees Recording of Breeding-material

MP 4. Maintenance of Breeding Stocks, Composites, and Cultivars

MP 5. Development of Populations Using Genetic Male-sterile Lines

MP 6. Development and Maintenance of Male-sterile Lines

MP 7. Production of Hybrid Seed

References

Evaluation

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Management Procedures for Evaluation of Pearl Millet and Sorghum Grain Quality

Compiled By T. Nagur, V. Subramanian, and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Breaking Dormancy in Pearl Millet

MP 2. Moisture Estimation

MP 3. Oil Estimation (Soxhlet)

MP 4. Protein Estimation

MP 5. Lysine Estimation

MP 6. Amino Acids Estimation

MP 7. Methionine and Cystine Estimations

MP 8. Tryptophan Estimation

MP 9. Starch Estimation

MP 10. Soluble Sugars Estimation

MP 11. Ash Estimation

MP 12. Tannin Estimation

References

Evaluation

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Pest Management in Pigeonpea

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Insect Pests of Pigeonpea

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Insects Attacking Roots and Stems of Pigeonpea

MP 2. Foliage Feeding Insects--Jassids, Aphids, and Mites

MP 3. Foliage Feeding Insects--Flies, Bugs, and Bees

MP 4. Foliage Feeding Insects--Weevils, Beetles, Defoliators, and Webbers

MP 5. Insects of Flowers and Buds--Thrips, Beetles, and Weevils

MP 6. Insects of Flowers and Pods--Pod Borers

MP 7. Pod Flies, Pod Wasps, and Bruchids

MP 8. Screening Technique for Helicoverpa armigera

MP 9. System of Scoring Insect Damage on Pods of Pigeonpea

MP 10. Development of Sex Pheromone Traps

MP 11. Determination of an Economic Threshold for Insecticide Application

MP 12. Cultural Control of Pigeonpea Insects

MP 13. Nature and Action of Insecticides

The Concept of Plant Diseasesof Pigeonpea

MP 14. Major Diseases of Pigeonpea

MP 15. Minor Diseases of Pigeonpea

MP 16. Nematodes Attacking Pigeonpea

MP 17. Losses and Control Measures for Wilt, Sterility Mosaic, Blight, and Leaf Spots of Pigeonpea

MP 18. Resistance Screening Techniques for Pigeonpea Diseases

MP 19. Fungicides and Their Use to Control Plant Diseases

MP 20. Concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

References

Evaluation

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Research Planning and Data Handling

Compiled By B Diwakar and D L Oswalt

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Planning Experiments

• Refinement of Techniques and Selection of Material
• Stating the Objectives
• Selection of Treatments
• Choice of Experimental Design
• Number of Replications

Layingout and Conducting Experiments

• Selecting of an Experimental Site
• Measuring Soil Heterogeneity
• Competiton Effects
• Plot Layout
• Labeling
• Conducting the Experiment

Observing and Collecting Data

• Sampling
• Recording Observations

Analyzing and Interpreting Data

• Data Analysis
• Problem Data
• Missing Plots

Summarizing Results and Report Writing

• Parts of a Report
• Style of Writing

Publishing Results and Technology Transfer

• Organization of a Scientific Paper
• Choosing the Journal
• Technology Transfer

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Preresearch Review and Management

MP 2. Research Plan Checklist

MP 3. Identifying the Number of Replications

MP 4. Conducting Uniformity Trials

MP 5. Controlling Competition Effects

MP 6. Sampling Methods

MP 7. Rounding and Recording Numbers

MP 8. Measurement of Growth Factors

MP 9. Measuring Yield Components

MP 10. Steps in the Analysis of Variances

MP 11. `t' -- Test of Significance

MP 12. Completely Randomized-block Design

MP 13. Randomized Complete-block Design

MP 14. Latin Square Design

MP 15. Factorial Experiment Using RCBD

MP 16. Data Transformation

MP 17. Missing Plot Techniques

References

Evaluation

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Nutritive Value and Uses of Pigeonpea and Groundnut

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and B Diwakar

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Pigeonpea

• Nutritive Value of Pigeonpea
• Antinutritional Factors
• Pigeonpea as Human Food
• Green Seeds as a Vegetable
• Animal Feed

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Dehulling Operations (Dhal Milling)

MP 2. Processing of Green Pigeonpea

MP 3. Uses of Pigeonpea as Dhal and Vegetable

MP 4. Isolation of Starch and Noodles from Pigeonpea

MP 5. Miscellaneous Uses of Pigeonpea

Groundnut

• Nutritive Value As Human Food
• Groundnut haulm and Hull

MP 6. Use of Pods and Seeds

MP 7. Groundnut Milk and Butter

MP 8. Groundnut Protein Isolates

MP 9. Fermented Products of Groundnut

MP 10. Groundnut Flour-based Sorghum Kisra

MP 11. Groundnut Candies

MP 12. Groundnut Butter, Sauce, and Soup

References

Evaluation

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Pest Control

Compiled By S K Pal and S K Das Gupta

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Pesticides

• Terminology and Definitions
• Classification of Pesticides
• Pesticide Formulation
• Type of Formulations

Calculation of Insecticide Dosage

• Common expression of recommended dosages
• Common terms used in insecticide calculations
• Recommended dosages
• Calculations
• Summary

Use and Operation of a Knapsack Sprayer

• Steps for calibrating a sprayer
• Determining the amount of nozzle discharge
• Calculation of application rate
• Calculation of sprayer loads
• Maintenance of sprayers

Pest Surveillance

• Surveillance methods
• Protection Levels

Important Pests on ICRISAT Mandate Crops References Evaluation

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Chickpea Botany and Production Practices

Compiled By Faujdar Singh and B Diwakar

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Introduction

Botany

• Plant Habit
• Seed and Germination
• Root
• Stem
• Inflorescence
• Anthesis
• Pod and Seed Development

Production Practices

• Agroclimatic Conditions and Production Constraints
• Cropping Systems
• Land Preparation
• Seed and Sowing
• Time of Sowing
• Plant Density
• Nutrient Requirement
• Rhizobium Inoculation
• Weed Management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting

Management Procedures (MP)

MP 1. Recording the Morphological Characteristics of Chickpea

MP 2. Emasculation and Crossing in Chickpea

MP 3. Determination of Seed Rate for a Given Plant Density

MP 4. Nutrient Deficiency in Chickpea

MP 5. Rhizobium Inoculation Procedures

MP 6. Weed Management

References

Evaluation

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Pesticide Application

Compiled By S K Pal and S K Das Gupta

This Skill Development Series contains following topics.

Plant Protection Equipment

• Different Types of Plant Protection Equipment Generall Used
• Selection and Use of Spraying Equipment

Pesticide Application Techniques

Commonly Used Spraying Equipment

• Hand-operated Hydraulic Sprayers
• Power-operated Hydraulic Sprayers
• Air Carrier Sprayers (Mist Blowers)
• Electrodyne Sprayer (Electrostatic Sprays)
• The Birky Sprayer
• Controlled-droplet Application (CDA) Sprayers

Different Types of Nozzles and their Main Uses

Maintenance and Safe Handling

EquipmentStorage

Hints for Trouble-Shooting

Safety Precautions

Suggested Books for Reading